ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effects of different moxibustion time on cartilage morphology,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-10 of the knee joint in rats with knee osteoarthritis(KOA),and to explore the best treatment time of moxibustion for KOA.Methods:Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a 15-minute-moxibustion group,a 30-minute-moxibustion group,and a 60-minute-moxibustion group,with 10 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,the KOA model was established in all groups by injecting sodium iodoacetate solution into the knee joint cavity of rats.Rats in the 15-minute-moxibustion group,the 30-minute-moxibustion group,and the 60-minute-moxibustion group were all treated with mild moxibustion intervention for 15 min,30 min,and 60 min,respectively at Neixiyan(EX-LE4)and Dubi(ST35)points near the patella,3 times a week for 4 weeks,12 times in total.Rats in the blank group and the model group were fixed for 30 min without moxibustion intervention.Macroscopic observation for the smoothness of knee cartilage surface was performed after the intervention.Hematoxylin-eosin staining,toluidine blue staining,and Mankin score were used to evaluate the pathological changes in the cartilage.The expression levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in the serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared with the blank group,the articular cartilage surface in the model group was rough,the chondrocyte arrangement was irregular,the Mankin score and the serum TNF-α expression were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the expression of serum IL-10 was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the articular cartilage surface was smoother,the chondrocytes were arranged neatly,the Mankin score and serum TNF-α expression level were significantly lower in the three moxibustion intervention groups(P＜0.05);the serum IL-10 level in the 30-minute-moxibustion group and the 60-minute-moxibustion group was increased significantly(P＜0.05).Compared with the 15-minute-moxibustion group,the articular cartilage surface in the 30-minute-moxibustion group and the 60-minute-moxibustion group was smoother,the chondrocyte arrangement was more regular,the Mankin score and the serum TNF-α level were decreased significantly(P＜0.05),and the serum IL-10 level was increased(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the serum TNF-α or IL-10 level between the 30-minute-moxibustion group and the 60-minute-moxibustion group(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Moxibustion can obviously improve the morphology and structure of KOA articular cartilage,protect articular cartilage,inhibit cartilage inflammation,and delay KOA cartilage degeneration.Moxibustion's effect is closely related to moxibustion time;the therapeutic effect of the 30-minute-moxibustion and the 60-minute-moxibustion is better than that of the 15-minute-moxibustion.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the radiation protection effect of a novel integrated radiation protection device for computed tomography and evaluate its influence on image quality.Methods:According to the radiation protection principle and CT model, a novel integrated CT radiation protection device was designed and developed. Under the normal operation condition of CT scanner, the radiation dose rate of 7 monitoring points around CT scanner before and after the use of radiation protection device was measured and the effective protection rate was calculated. Before and after using the protective device, the water equivalent phantom was scanned with CT respectively, CT value and signal-to-noise ratio were measured and calculated, and the image quality was evaluated subjectively with the 3-point system. The paired t-test was used to compare the difference of radiation dose rate, average CT value and signal-to-noise ratio of CT surrounding environment before and after using the protective device, and the Mann Whitney U-test was used to compare the difference of subjective scores of CT image quality of water model before and after using the protective device. Results:The radiation dose rates of the 7 monitoring points after the use of the novel CT radiation protection device was significantly lower than those before radiation protection device was used, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the effective protection rate was more than 50%; the average CT value, signal-to-noise ratio and subjective score in the range of water equivalent phantom before and after the use of the radiation protection device were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The novel integrated CT radiation protection device can significantly reduce the radiation dose rate of the surrounding environment when the CT machine is running and has no effect on the image quality.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the reasonable clinical target volumes by analyzing the characteristic of mediastinal lymph node metastases in non-small-cell lung cacer (NSCLC).Methods 291 NSCLC patients was performed pre-therapy CT scans,and the incidence of mediastinal lymph node metastases was analysed.Results Among the 152 patients with right lung NSCLC,the incidence of involvement of the ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes was 15.8 ％ (24/152),and the incidence of involvement of the contralateral lymph nodes was 6.6 ％ (10/152).The highest incidence of mediastinal nodal involvement occurred in the ipsilateral hilar nodes (59.2 ％),followed by area 4R (56.6 ％),area 1-2R (36.2 ％),area 7 (33.6 ％),area 4L(20.4 ％),area 10-11L (5.9 ％),area 6 (3.9 ％),area 5 (2.0 ％),area 1-2L (2.0 ％),respectively.Among the 139 patients left lung NSCLC,the incidence of involvement of the ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes was 15.8 ％ (23/139),and the incidence of involvement of the contralateral lymph nodes was 5.8 ％ (8/139).The highest incidence of mediastinal nodal involvement occurred also in the ipsilateral hilar nodes (54.0 ％),followed by area 7 (33.8 ％),area 4R (26.6 ％),area 4L (24.5 ％),area 1-2R (15.8 ％),area 5 (10.8 ％),area 6 (9.4 ％),area 1-2L (5.8 ％),area 10-11R (5.0 ％) respectively.Conclusion The right side primaries or left side primaries of NSCLC have different high risk lymph node areas for metastasis,and selective irradiation to these lymph node areas maybe increase the tumor control rate and reduce the recurrence rate.